The Rio de Janeiro Experience Essay Example for Free

The Rio de Janeiro Experience Essay Life is loaded with inconsistencies. The previously mentioned saying epitomizes the primary message of the account that discussions about the experience of Isabel Jones in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. As referenced by Barthes, account assumes a significant job in the lives of individuals and furthermore the general public in general since it gives the fundamental story and data about the different convictions, qualities, encounters, and other significant pieces of an individual’s life. In a similar way, the account about the experience of one individual in Rio de Janeiro doesn't just communicates a piece of that person’s life but instead it likewise discusses significant issues about the nation of Brazil and its importance in to the general public. Being the situation, it is fundamental that the story is basically broke down so as to see whether life is for sure loaded with inconsistencies as found according to a person who really experienced and acknowledged such sort of the real world. The initial segment of the story discusses the procedure by which the Isabel Jones needs to live her nation, the United States of America and travel far into a remote land. The second where Isabel left the Los Angeles and in the end her nation, represents the way toward separating regarding regional limits as well as with regards to the safe place of the individual. Living her nation of beginning beginnings her excursion of encountering new things that she isn't utilized to. What's more, the progress of living for another nation is really an illustration that represents the flight of Isabel from her typical perspective about existence and agreeable way of life so as to wander into new encounters that will significantly change her point of view about numerous things, particularly life when all is said in done. After Isabel’s appearance in Brazil the progression of the account is really separated into two unmistakable encounters, wherein she encountered both the great and terrible sides of Brazil, explicitly Rio de Janeiro. The early introduction that she had of Rio de Janeiro is the dynamic and cheerful individuals that consistently have grins in their countenances. According to this, she likewise saw the route by which individuals of different hues tend to agreeably exist together with one another in light of the fact that they each know their restriction. The utilization of clear portrayal about the scene that Isabel saw places her story into life, particularly with her symbolism that is loaded with shading that is additionally utilized in making the account of Imaginary Homelands all the more genuine to its perusers. The story even called attention to the excellent views of Rio de Janeiro by utilizing incongruity of correlation, which is exemplified when she depicted the sea shore that is made of highly contrasting stones. During this piece of the account, Isabel’s impression of logical inconsistency or contrasts are really in a positive light that additional more magnificence to the new city that she is in. The outlook of Isabel isn't expressly appeared in this piece of story simply like Jayne Anne Phillips’ Cheers (1979), the portrayal of Rio de Janeiro’s gives her point of view without legitimately telling it. When Isabel was headed to the Ipanema Lodge, she was at that point having a review of the genuine incongruity of the circumstance in Rio de Janeiro wherein she is both captivated and defied by the excellent landscapes and fascinating realities that Lunzinho were portraying to her, which offers significance to the historical backdrop of the nation simply like the way Isabel Alliende kept in touch with her story entitled Unrooted Childhood however she additionally paid heed to the kids dozing in cardboard boxes. This is the main occasion that Isabel is hit by the truth that Rio de Janeiro isn't all shading and fun in light of the fact that there is really a discouraging reality with it and that is destitution. Once Isabel showed up in the Ipanema Lodge she was acquainted with her flat mate, Christina Lopez. The story incorporated the genuine discussion between Isabel Jones and Christina Lopez during the first occasion when that they meet one another. It is very clear in their trade of discussion that these ladies effectively like each other on the grounds that there is a sure association among them that caused them to feel calm with one another. The agreeable connection among Isabel and Christina is achieved by the basic intrigue that they have like showing kids and in any event, when it go to their comical inclination, which is very discernible when the two of them found the response of Lunzinho as entertaining. The consideration of discussion in the story gives its perusers an increasingly clear impression of the relationship that exists between the two ladies. The trading of discussion between two individuals is one of the best method to appropriately set up the elements of the relationship of the fundamental entertainers who are associated with an account, which is likewise exemplified in the work Martin Amis’ wherein he utilized the genuine discussion of him and his dad so as to allow the peruser to see and distinguish their real relationship. Isabel spent her following encounters in Rio de Janeiro with the organization of Christina. The primary things that they did together are appreciate the extravagance and courtesies of the Ipanema Lodge, particularly its sea shore. The two ladies were having some good times in the Ipanema sea shore when they met youngsters who they thought from the outset will secure them yet inevitable turned into the reason for inconvenience. From the outset, Isabel and Christina thought the youngster was caring enough to offer his help to two ladies by methods for ensuring that no folks in the sea shore will exploit them. The two ladies, having amiable characteristics simply permit the youngster to support them however the young fellow doesn't have the foggiest idea about his restrictions and even compromise the NGO delegate that was doled out to the two ladies. In this episode, Isabel saw that her past thought that individuals in Rio de Janeiro know their cutoff points, don't matter to all individuals on the grounds that there are likewise the individuals who will defy the norms and get themselves injured simply like what befall the youngster. In the conduct of the youngster, the idea of therapy that is given significance in the post-present day hypothesis of account is featured. Isabel and Christina are not by any means the only individuals who are confused and shaken by the conduct of the youngster in light of the fact that the consideration of this episode in the story likewise makes its perusers question mental prosperity of the individual just as the potential reasons that transform him into such sort of individual. The most significant and life getting updated some portion of Isabel’s travel to Rio de Janeiro is the point at which she encountered heading off to the favelas or ghettos in Brazil. Isabel and Christina by and by experience the neediness in the nation wherein the little youngsters that they need to educate are not allowed the chance to examine or even play in light of the fact that the greater part of them need to work at a youthful age. The two ladies saw and feel the downturn circumstance of the individuals in the favelas with their homes crouched in mountain side and the trouble of the individuals to make a decent living for their regular needs. It is in this circumstance that the account with respect to Isabel’s involvement with Rio de Janeiro doesn't just recount about her story yet it likewise portrayed the individuals in the favelas and the circumstance of Brazil. The experience of Isabel in Rio de Janeiro permitted her to see the logical inconsistencies of life that the nearness of good and luxurious things in life likewise implied the presence of untoward things like destitution. Isabel’s visit in Rio de Janeiro changed her point of view about being an instructor and furthermore her viewpoint in life in light of the fact that there is a more profound mindfulness inside herself and furthermore a test to contribute something and have any kind of effect as a teacher.

Cognitive Dissonance

Subjective Dissonance Cognitive disharmony is having an idea, thought, disposition, or conviction that is by all accounts unnatural. Psychological disharmony will in general outcome in various ways dependent on the circumstance that it happens in. In the event that an individual is compelled to state a sentiment that contrasts from their own, they experience an off key inclination. In Roger Hock’s book â€Å"Forty Studies that Changed Psychology,† he perceives the investigation of psychological disharmony performed by Leon Festinger. In â€Å"Thoughts Out of Tune,† the article explicitly clarifying Festinger’s study, Hock goes further into detail.He clarifies that on the off chance that we are compelled to express a restricted view, while getting ready for it, we will in general trust it alongside out own. This makes befuddling, stress, and disharmony. Festinger’s study clarifies why and when individuals might possibly feel psychological disharmony. Festinger proposed whatever you state freely, will be an impression of your own perspectives. On the off chance that any individual must talk openly in any way, shape or form that conflicts with their own private conviction, they will feel awkward. In any case, when offered a prize, the solace levels can change.If somebody offers the speaker a huge prize, the speaker will feel more solace in changing their mentality about the thoughts or convictions being stated, in any event, when they don’t trust them. In the event that somebody offers the speaker a little prize, the speaker will feel more uneasiness since they don't feel there was avocation in what they are being remunerated and will have all the more a negative disposition than those being more noteworthy compensated. Festinger played out his test on a benchmark group, bunch An, and bunch B. Each gathering contained twenty members. Gathering A was the gathering given one dollar to play out the experiment.Group B was give n twenty dollars to play out the investigation. All gathering were met after the performing ‘the experiment,’ which was to exhaust and top off a plate of 12 spools for 30 minutes and to turn 48 square pegs a fourth of a turn clockwise for 30 minutes. This was done so as to exhaust the members and make negative sentiments about what they needed to do. Subsequently they were approached to manufacture their sentiments toward the trial to another gathering holding up outside. Gathering A was given one dollar. Gathering B was given twenty dollars. The benchmark group was given no cash and had the option to be met in the wake of playing out the tasks.Group An and bunch B were told in the wake of talking their restricted sentiments that the examination was fun and energizing, they had the option to be met and leave. The meeting scrutinized their actual convictions on how they felt toward ‘the test. ’ They were approached to rate the investigations on a scale that offered the inquiries: regardless of whether the undertakings were fascinating and pleasant, how much the individual found out about their capacity to play out the assignments given, whether they accepted the analysis and errands were estimating any significance or not, and in the event that they wanted to take an interest in another examination like the one performed.In the discoveries, the benchmark group had very negative evaluations on the inquiries posed. Festinger reasoned that when requested to understand the distinctions among individual perspectives and mentalities, we would will in general feel psychological discord. This can urge us to carry change to these perspectives or mentalities to implement them to get amicable and pleasing with one another. This will persistently make changing perspectives whether they are large or little. The change will rely upon the avocation for the behavior.Festinger’s ends had appeared to help his theory. David Matz and Wendy Wood pla yed out a trial like Festinger’s study. Matz and Wood did an investigation on psychological cacophony in gatherings and the results of difference. In the first of a few investigations done, they tried ‘the nature of excitement prompted by disposition heterogeneity in gatherings. ’ This decides whether mentality similarity in gatherings could be identified with cacophony. In the investigation, individuals were put into gatherings. These gatherings were given one of three potential situations.These circumstances included what might happen subsequent to taking a review. The gatherings would either examine what they chose for a significant issue, talk about their choices and attempt to go to an accord, and the last gathering would not examine anything about the study by any stretch of the imagination. The members that were taught about the examination went about just as they had a specific feeling. After the conversation, the members, of the dynamic gathering, rounde d out a survey about the reactions and simplicity of concurring for a consensus.The results were that the gathering arriving at an accord thought that it was simple and were propelled when the gathering had the option to concur rather than when the gathering oppose this idea. The members confessed to feeling uneasiness and inconvenience while having a conflict with the gathering. This identifies with Festinger’s study since the two of them identify with feeling awkward. In spite of the fact that Festinger’s test was focused on a self and not a gathering, the two of them clarify how various circumstances can cause uneasiness and negative feelings.Festinger clarifies how somebody not communicating their actual affections in any way, shape or form will experience the sentiments of psychological discord. Matz and Wood are clarifying something very similar yet demonstrating how individuals can comprehend intellectual discord by holding their assessments and not communicatin g in dread of conflicting with a gathering. The contradiction makes negative emotions making the member feel strange or off key. These tests instruct us that not communicating how we feel in any capacity whatsoever whether it’s being paid, convinced, in frightfulness, we will in general feel negative emotions.Disagreement will consistently cause distress thusly causing intellectual cacophony. References Chen, M. K. , and Risen, J. L. (2010). How decision influences and reflects inclinations: returning to the free-decision worldview. Diary of Personality and Social Psychology, 99(4), 573-594. doi: 10. 1037/a0020217 Festinger, L. , and Carlsmith, J. M. (1959). Intellectual results of constrained consistence. Diary of Abnormal and Social Psychology, 58, 203-210. Hawk, R. R. (2008). Forty examinations that changed brain research: investigations into the historical backdrop of mental research (sixth ed. ).Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson Prentice Hall. Matz, D. C. , and Wood, W. (2 005). Psychological discord in gatherings: the outcomes of contradiction. Diary of Personality and Social Psychology, 88(1), 22-37. doi: 10. 1037/0022-3514. 88. 1. 22 Newby-Clark, I. R. , McGregor, I. , and Zanna, M. P. (2002). Contemplating subjective irregularity: when and for whom does attitudinal uncertainty feel awkward? Diary of Peronality and Social Psychology, 82(2), 157-166. doi: 10. 1037/0022-3514. 82. 2. 157 Norton, M. I. , Monin, B. , Cooper, J. , and Hogg, M.A. (2003). Vicarious discord: Attitude change from irregularity of others. Diary of Personality and Social Psychology, 85(1), 47-62. doi: 10. 1037/0022-3514. 85. 1. 47 Push, S. D. , Groth, M. , and Hennig-Thurau, T. (2011) Willing and ready to counterfeit feelings: A closer assessment of the connection between enthusiastic discord and representative prosperity. Diary of Applied Psychology, 96(2), 377-390. doi: 10. 1037/a0021395 Rosenberg, M. J. (1960). Mentality association and change: An examination of consistency among demeanor parts. New Haven: Yale University Press.

Learning Denied Essay

Discussion over the custom curriculum of understudies with learning powerlessness into normal study halls gives considerable proof for a specialized curriculum. Despite the fact that the warmed discussion which has ascended over the upsides and downsides of a custom curriculum stays extraordinary, contentions supporting specialized curriculum will in general exceed those against a custom curriculum. Dissidents of a custom curriculum think just about the kids with a high possibility of scholarly achievement. As I would like to think, the clear question is who has the privilege to decide that solitary intellectually advantaged kids ought to be managed the chance of a typical homeroom instruction? All things considered, something other than scholastics are found out in the study hall. Social connection abilities, for example, additionally assume a tremendous job in the training procedure. Basically in light of the fact that intellectually impaired youngsters don't have incredible scholarly potential doesn't mean they ought to be taken from the experience of going to a standard study hall. In an examination done by eight alumni understudies, ninety-three understudies from two downtown open grade schools were watched. The explanation was to examine the dissimilarities among disciples with learning powerlessness, understudies with minimal instructive achievement, and students with standard instructive achievement. In every one of the 22 homerooms engaged with the investigation, two kids named as learning debilitated were mainstreamed. Somewhat unforeseen result of the preliminary was that the understudies with training incapacities indicated a superior school responsibility than the students with little accomplishment. Likewise, the understudies with learning inabilities exhibited an enormous consideration in the school exercise and, thus, settled more mindfulness from their educators. The information got from the exploration examination demonstrates that incapacitated kids, as other kids have the craving and self-inspiration to learn. This reality negates the announcements made by adversaries of a custom curriculum, who guarantee that learning incapacitated youngsters in the customary homeroom will cut down the degree of learning of the normal understudies. Rather, it appears from the result of the examination that the rivals of a custom curriculum need to concede that it could be the kids with low scholarly fulfillment, as opposed to the kids with learning inabilities, that cut down the normal students’ level of learning. Despite the fact that youngsters with learning inabilities may not passage too on tests as low or normal achievers, their quality in the standard homeroom unquestionably won't block the accomplishment of different understudies. Students will react as indicated by the desires set on them (Denny Taylor, 1990). Another worry of numerous nonconformists of a specialized curriculum is that students with inabilities have social troubles. They accept that learning-debilitated understudies that are joined into the standard study hall will become outsiders. I concur with who guarantee that the custom curriculum of handicapped understudies brings about better socialization aptitudes for the incapacitated youngsters. In an investigation of the social connections of understudies in a custom curriculum study halls, scientists found that students with inabilities were very much fused into the standard homeroom social setting. The outcomes obviously refute the worry that understudies with learning incapacities would be outsiders in a standard study hall. Another favorable position of a specialized curriculum called attention to by specialists is that remarkable youngsters in a mainstreamed study hall will figure out how to acknowledge individuals in spite of their disparities. Nondiscrimination is a significant life exercise, and specialized curriculum gives the chance to youngsters to learn it. Notwithstanding diminishing separation among peers, custom curriculum advances an arrangement of participation. Understudies are compelled to cooperate and make an agreeable, not serious, condition. The entirety of the past recorded favorable circumstances of a specialized curriculum are a piece of the objective of mainstreaming which is to â€Å"create a homeroom/network where all youngsters can cooperate, learn, and grow commonly strong collections with friends and grown-ups. † Acknowledging standard or unique needs training relies upon numerous components outside and inside the school. Mainstreaming or extraordinary needs instruction ought to be a piece of an incorporating improvement in the public eye, in which the idea of handicap and the situation of individuals with incapacities as well as uncommon needs are evolving. In this point of view, people with unique needs ought to be viewed as residents who include rights inside the general public all in all, and no longer should they be seen essentially as far as their requirement for exceptional consideration and treatment; the last to be treated for reasons of productivity and accommodation in uncommon settings. Despite uncommon need (debilitation or inability), everyone ought to be treated as a vital citizen. The specific administrations fundamental must be offered inside the structure of the public, learning, state of being, and different administrations available to all partners of society. Without a strong incorporation situated individuals, far reaching schools are unrealistic. Incorporation in instruction ought to be estimated as one of the various highlights of consideration in the public eye (Mary Konya Weishaar, 2000). Answer for the Issues: A principle task for the organization is to produce adequate conditions for the consummation of comprehensive or extraordinary needs training. Without adequate government contribution, and without the administration assuming a main job in advancing enactment, giving monetary help, and creating approaches, comprehensive instruction will just get empty talk. A self-evident, complete, and definitive procedure affirmation may make strides as a way to all partners in instructing: policymakers, majors, teachers, guardians, amalgamations, non-government affiliations, alluding associations, and different specialists. Schools and, consequently, principals, instructors, and guardians are the dynamic operators during the time spent creating and executing plans for standard or exceptional needs training. Specialized curriculum relies intensely upon how schools sort out their training and what educators do in their homerooms. On the off chance that the uniqueness of each youngster is the focal point of the educational system, at that point finding reasonable approaches to meet those particular, singular needs is the principle duty of the customary study hall educator. Custom curriculum isn't only an issue of position of an exceptional needs understudy in the customary homeroom setting; it implies both advancement and changes in standard schools just as in a custom curriculum schools (Arlene Sacks, 2001). End: The focal point of the comprehensive, unique needs approach along these lines is to help the customary specialized curriculum educational system, that is, the administration, the ordinary homeroom instructor and others associated with the educating procedure. It ought to be a piece of an all out school-wide change bringing about some key changes of arrangement, theory, structure, association, educational program, the instructional procedure, and the administration of assets of the ordinary school. The most significant importance in this demeanor alteration should be that an ordinary educator detects a moral and cultural commitment, and is fit and arranged satisfactorily to offer instructing to students with exceptional needs, making most extreme use of the assets that are advertised. So as to accomplish this demeanor change, pre-administration and in-administration preparing ought to be given, for educators working in the program as well as for principals and other staff included. The genuine facilitators of the custom curriculum process are the instructors. Each pair of instructors that cooperate must want to show all youngsters at all prohibitive condition. The additional time and arranging associated with making such a situation requires a huge measure of commitment. Jamaicans owe everything to the mindful educators who make a special effort to help our country’s kids. On the off chance that no one but everybody could see the advantages harvested from a custom curriculum as opposed to demonstrating a difficult protection from change, more kids would pick up the chance to prevail throughout everyday life. Youngsters are our future, and every kid, paying little heed to scholarly capacity, merits a reasonable possibility. References: Taylor, Denny. 1990. Learning Denied. Distributed by Heinemann. Hofstra University Foreword by William L. Wansart Weishaar, Mary Konya. 2000. Comprehensive Educational Administration: A Case Study Approach. Distributed by McGraw Hill Sacks, Arlene. 2001. Specialized curriculum: A Reference Handbook. Distributed by ABC-CLIO

The Benefits and Effects of Exercise on Post-Treatment Breast Cancer Patients - Free Essay Example

INTRODUCTION Exercise can be very beneficial for reducing pain and swelling, improving range of motion and strength, and improving a person’s overall quality of life. There are many variations of exercise that can be done as well because different people require different intensities and types of exercise regarding their diagnosis and their treatment care plan. Post-treatment breast cancer patients experience a great amount of pain during and after their treatments. This pain can be caused by the surgeries like a lumpectomy, a mastectomy, or a double mastectomy. The pain may also be due to the type of chemotherapy, radiation therapy, or medicinal treatment they are receiving during or after the surgery is performed. One of the most common problems that women face post-surgery and treatment is lymphedema of the arm, axillary (armpit) area, and the shoulder according to Sagen et al. (15). This is common due to the removal of lymph nodes surrounding the tumor that is being excised (15). This brings up the category of strengthening the arm and shoulder areas. Since this is one of the most affected areas for breast cancer patients, its strength will need to be built up again after being weakened after surgery or treatment. These surgeries and treatments will cause a large amount of scar tissue that is built up which is discussed by Otoole J, Russell T, Taghian A. (14). This makes recovery even more challenging when trying to reach or move the arms or the axillary area. The scar tissue problem can be dealt with by performing stretching exercises, whether it be in a pool or on land, as well as a therapist massaging the scar tissue out to loosen up the fibers (14). When this area is strengthened and stretched it helps break up some of the scar tissue formed in these areas. At first this may be done in a physical therapy setting where a therapist can perform active stretching to encourage the breast cancer patient to push their limits (4, 14, 15). This allows for an increased range of motion (ROM) (4,14,15). When the breast cancer patient starts to feel more independent, they may want to try and continue to stretch and strengthen with yoga. This stretching class helps the patients to alleviate pain and improve their quality of life (QOL) by doing something that may be considered more enjoyable than therapy (3). When patients are recovering from the tre atments they have received, along with therapy, it is hard for them to stay motivated to be active. They are left feeling fatigued and sore. They are also instructed to wait for a certain allotment of time, typically eight weeks, before performing any physical activity (7,9). This takes a toll on the patient’s strength, and it is hard for them to build it back up. A way for patients to stay motivated, and reduce their pain, and improve their stretching and strength is through aquatic therapy. The aquatic environment is a soothing environment that promotes muscle relaxation while alleviating pain and improving the patients stretching and strength. The relaxation of the body is promoted by the water temperature which is typically around 28.3 °Ã¢â‚¬â€œ 30  ° C or 83 ° 86 ° F, as stated by Aquatic Exercise Association (AEA) guidelines (1). When the muscles are relaxed it allows for the body to be more mobile and looser. It helps to promote circulation and cardiac output throughout the body which leads to more blood in the upper part of the body. This is because in the water gravity is not acting against the patient (1). The aquatic environment promotes balance and stability as well since the water doesn’t allow for consequences for stumbling states Aqua hub Physical therapy (19). If patients are feeling ambitious or are looking for the next challenge while recovering, recent studies have shown promise for the future of aerobic exercise after breast cancer treatment. Aerobic exercise is not a typical treatment because it is more vigorous than aquatics, and arm and shoulder strengthening. It is also not typical because patients are feeling so fatigued after their treatments, and there is also a certain time span that they must wait before participating. This exercise helps improve patient’s aerobic capacity along with their quality of living. Their aerobic capacity is improved when they perform moderate to vigorous activities, which gets their blood moving. After a few weeks their bodies will start to adjust and adapt, and the harder workouts will become normal. Aerobic exercise can be done in a group setting which can give the patient a sense of motivation to know that a friend is experiencing the same struggles they are. When researching the effects of exercise on post- treatment breast cancer patients, research has shown that different types of exercise have led to reduced pain, improved range of motion, and improvement in a breast cancer patients’ overall quality of life. SIGNIFICANCE OF THE PROBLEM Breast cancer is a continuously growing problem in the United States. One in every eight women in the US will develop some type of invasive breast cancer sometime within their lifetime according to the U.S. Breast Cancer Statistics (17). Not only that, but it also states that the rate of death caused around 40,000+ women to die in 2018 alone (17). It is also the second most cause of death among women today (8). This disease is very prominent in women now more than ever. There are two types of mutations in the DNA, the first is genetically inherited which is where the parent passes their gene to the child and the second one is changes that happen as a person ages or has some sort of chemical exposure. In 5%-10 % of breast cancers are the genetically inherited type (19). There are two types of the genetically inherited mutations. The first being the BRCA1 (Breast Cancer gene one) and the BRCA2 (Breast Cancer gene two). These are genes that everyone has, and they have the function of re pairing damages and keeping systems growing like the breasts and ovaries. However, when this genetic mutation is passed down on the BRCA genes, then it is more likely for that child to develop breast cancer later in life (19). along with this there can be mutations in pieces of the chromosome called SNPs (single nucleotide polymorphisms) and researchers are finding that this is linked to an even higher chance of developing breast cancer in women that received the previous gene mutation and in women who did not (19). REVIEW OF LITERATURE Aquatics Aquatic exercise is very beneficial to post-treatment breast cancer patients. Some of the benefits include relaxation which is brought on by the comfort of being in the pool and the heat that the pool provides. The heat and relaxation help to alleviate some of the pain that patients experience. The main focuses of the three studies are deep water running (DWR) class, improving cancer-related fatigue, improving pain, improving overall health and quality of life. Cuesta-Vargas A, Buchan J, Arroyo-Morales M. (3) and Gonzalez-Angulo AM. (8) focused their studies on DWR and Cantarero-Villanueva I, Fernà ¡ndez-Lao C, Caro-Morà ¡n E, et al. (2), along with the previously mentioned studies, focused on aerobic workouts in the pool (2,3,8). Most of the scenarios were similar in that the pool was heated for comfort. There was an appropriate subject size in the trials that ranged from about 40-68 people within each article. The experiments’ timelines were eight weeks long or tw o months long. They all consisted of an experimental group and a control group. The experimental groups were typically assigned to some program that was about an hour long and consisted of a warm-up, a few interchangeable aerobic exercises, recovery techniques, and a cool down. The subjects usually met about three days a week. The control groups in each trial were either given a normal treatment at physical therapy or some type of pamphlet to read and work on. All treatments showed great signs of improvement in breast cancer survivors, including decreased fatigue and pain and increased strength. Some of the secondary focus that the breast cancer survivors wanted to come into play were the circumference of the waist, body mass index (BMI), and weight loss (2). It was found in Cantarero-Villanueva I, Fernà ¡ndez-Lao C, Caro-Morà ¡n E, et al. (2) study that patients had improved their waist circumference (2). The research found that aquatic exercise is very beneficial to women who h ave experienced different pain weakness because of breast cancer treatment. This has proven to be a great alternative for post-treatment breast cancer patients to explore. (2,3,8) Strengthening Arm and Shoulder Area There is a heightened importance for breast cancer patients to strengthen their arm and shoulder area after surgery because that is the area most affected by the surgeries they endure. Yoga is an effective and safe way for breast cancer patients to better their QOL and alleviate pain according to Eyigor S. et. Al (4). Mazor M, Lee JQ, Peled A, et al. (12) conducted study (4) that tested strength, arm volume and ROM. It was concluded that yoga will improve ROM and increase strength in the upper extremity of breast cancer patients. (4,12). Harder H, Holroyd P, Burkinshaw L, et al. (9) conducted a new app-based exercise program. It allowed for breast cancer patients to help come up with ideas when making the app and while the app was being used. The focus of the app was to allow post-treatment breast cancer patients to exercise their arm and shoulder areas at more convenient times for them. This study showed promising effects but still needs to be studied further (9). Progressive streng thening and training after breast cancer surgery is hoped to improve ROM, strength, swelling, pain, and QOL according to Kilbreath SL (11). However, in this study, testing this, there needed to be further research conducted to prove all the outcomes. Early physiotherapy to prevent lymphedema after breast cancer surgery is a study that Otoole J, Russell T, Taghian A. (16) conducted. The patients in their study received manual lymphatic drainage, massaging scar tissue, and active stretching that was increased over time. The results showed that these methods could assist in the prevention of lymphedema (16). In another context, Sagen A et al. (17) discusses upper limb function after lymph node dissection. This is similar to (16) in the way that it involves lymphedema. Sagen A et al focused-on arm lymphedema, shoulder mobility, and pain intensity (15). It was determined that further research may need to be done, but overall breast cancer patients may benefit from participating in early physiotherapy, along with strength and resistance exercise (17). These studies focused on performing exercises that would help to improve quality of life, strength, and range of motion, and decrease swelling/lymphedema in the upper extremities. The studies were a bit new and even though there was evidence of some improvement in what is listed above, it is stated that further research will need to be done with a larger test size for a longer time frame. The studies lasted from 8 weeks – 2.5 years after treatment. There was certainly no lack of participants when these studies were combined! The subject size in these studies ranged from 42-391, although the (9) did not mention subject size. Each researcher integrated their own form of exercise program. Most were broken into experimental and control groups, except for the app-based exercise program. The app-protocol was designed with the ideas of real breast cancer survivors and then was tested by them eight weeks after their surgery. For the other studies there was a wide variety of training done, like yoga (4,12), resistance training and stretching (11), lymphatic drainage and massages of scar tissue (16), active and progressive active and assisted shoulder exercises (17). Aerobic Exercise Moderate aerobic exercise is said to improve a patients QOL and physical functioning according to Murtezani A et. al (13). The vigorous aerobic exercise study focused on improving physical performance in breast cancer patients and its potential to affect bone mass according to Nikander R et al (15). Ng AV, Cybulski AN, Engel AA, et al. (14) study the effects of triathlon training on breast cancer patients. Their focus is on improving QOL of breast cancer patients. The result was an improvement o f QOL and an increase in the breast cancer patient’s aerobic capacity (14). The goals for these studies were to improve the patients’ quality of life and improve aerobic performance. The secondary improvements were focused on changes in the patient’s body composition, improving their weight, and improving BMI. The number of days per week that the subjects were in the group and at home varied from study to study. Some of the studies tested the maximal O2 uptake (VO2 Max test) to help determine where the participants were at physically (14). Along with the maximal test there were a few submaximal tests used like the 12-minute walk test, which is another way of estimating the maximal oxygen uptake (13). This also gives the subjects an idea on how they have improved aerobically after the trial is over if they choose to participate in the test again. The studies were found to be very beneficial for post-treatment breast cancer patients. They showed that there was an improvement in the patient’s quality of life, physical functioning, and aerob ic capacity. Even though all the studies had positive outcomes, some of them suggested that there be further research to investigate into this topic more. It seems to be a newer topic however; these studies seem to show promising outcomes so far. (13,14,15)

William Shakespeare s Romeo And Juliet - 972 Words

Pravinee Hurbungs said, â€Å"Don’t fear the enemy that attacks you, but the fake friend that hugs you.† In Shakespeare s, Romeo and Juliet, Romeo is the enemy that Juliet doesn’t fear, but love, and Friar Lawrence is the fake friend that Juliet should fear. Others could say any other Romeo and Juliet character is to blame for their deaths, but I believe that Friar Lawrence is the one to blame. The friar is the one who married them, gave Juliet the idea to kill herself, and left her by herself when she awoke from her â€Å"death.† For those reasons, I believe Friar Lawrence is the most responsible one for both of their deaths. For those who have not read Romeo and Juliet, it is a play about two people, Romeo and Juliet, of enemy families, the Capulets, and the Montagues, who fall in love. They meet at a party that is suppose to bring Paris, one of Juliet’s love interest, and Juliet closer together so they could get married, and for Romeo to get over his old love, Rosaline. Within less than a day of meeting, basically the morning after the party, Romeo and Juliet decided to get married. The one who married them was Friar Lawrence, who only had ending the feud between the two families in mind when he did. After marrying Juliet, Romeo was asked to duel with Juliet’s cousin, Tybalt. Mercutio, the Prince’s cousin and Romeo’s friend, took Romeo’s place in dueling with Tybalt because he believe Romeo was not strong enough to fight him and win. Mercutio ended up being killed, and Romeo tookShow MoreRelatedWilliam Shakespeare s Romeo And Juliet1287 Words   |  6 PagesLizzy Baginski English Composition 2 Mr. Spera March 10, 2015 Romeo and Juliet Research Paper The movie Romeo and Juliet is a modern classic film that took place in 1996. Overall this is a timeless story that everyone should go and watch. This movie has an intriguing plot line that tells the story of two feuding families, The Montagues and The Capulets, and how the children of these two different families fall in love. The two children overcome various obstacles such as hiding their chemistry fromRead MoreWilliam Shakespeare s Romeo And Juliet 966 Words   |  4 Pages Beauty Over Gold â€Å"Beauty provoketh thieves sooner than gold.--William Shakespeare, 1623. In his book As You Like It, William Shakespeare pointed out the supremacy of love rather than the want of gold and wealth. Truly, beauty is more important to thieves than wealth. Many of the thieves in this world would rather have an elegant woman than to obtain precious rubies. After all, what good is a prosperous man if he doesn’t have a charming woman? Two famous men grab my attention who didn’t fear forRead MoreWilliam Shakespeare s Romeo And Juliet Essay1024 Words   |  5 PagesRomeo and Juliet is a tragedy written by William Shakespeare early in his career about two young star-crossed lovers whose deaths ultimately reconcile their feuding families. It was among Shakespeare s most popular plays during his lifetime and, along with Hamlet, is one of his most frequently performed plays. Today, the title characters are regarded as archetypal young lovers. Romeo and Juliet belongs to a tradition of tragic romances stretching back to antiquity. The plot is based on an ItalianRead MoreWilliam Shakespeare s Romeo And Juliet1124 Words   |  5 PagesThe play Romeo and Juliet is a tragedy written by William Shakespeare early in his career about two young star-crossed lovers whose deaths ultimately reconcile their feuding families. It was among Shakespeare s most popular plays during his lifetime and, along with Hamlet, is one of his most frequently performed plays. Today, the title characters are regarded as archetypal young lovers. Romeo and Juliet belongs to a tradition of tragic romances stretching back to antiquity. Its plot is based onRead MoreWilliam Shakespeare s Romeo And Juliet861 Words   |  4 Pagesgreatly shown in the play Romeo and Juliet by William Shakespeare. It was love at first sight with Romeo Montague and Juliet Capulet. Meeting at a party and falling in love to get married without even spending quality time with each other. Romeo and Juliet couldn t tell there parents because the Capulets and Montagues are long term rivals. Both Romeo and Juliet had to find different ways and excuses to make this marriage work. A big problem was developed. Romeo kills Juliet s cousin and is banishedRead MoreWilliam Shakespeare s Romeo And Juliet1770 Words   |  8 Pagesof Romeo and Juliet. The story of two destined lovers who were killed by their own doing. But what if they weren t two destined lovers who got unlucky, but doomed partners that were never going to have a good-life to begin with.William Sha kespeare gives us a view of early signs of gang conflict in the early age of Verona, Italy. He gives us a perspective of the norms and customs of Italy during the Setting of William Shakespeare s most famous story. Romeo and Juliet, by William Shakespeare, givesRead MoreWilliam Shakespeare s Romeo And Juliet1616 Words   |  7 Pageslove can also cause some of life s most controversial battles. These battles could stem from lack of patience, disagreement of moral values, and in some cases, an absence of attraction overall. In Romeo and Juliet by William Shakespeare, the issues that drive Romeo Montague and Juliet Capulet s to each of their dreadful misfortunes are inevitable. When it comes to many of Shakespeare s plays, Aristotle s theory is used to describe them as tragedies. Romeo and Juliet is known by many as a tragedyRead MoreWilliam Shakespeare s Romeo And Juliet1264 Words   |  6 Pagestheater-going public the most important dramatist in English literature, Shakespeare oc cupies a well-known position in the world of talented authors. His canon contains thirty-seven plays, written in the late sixteenth and early seventeenth centuries. Additionally, throughout the years, they continue to sustain critical attention, with the majority of his works circling tragedies, one being Romeo and Juliet. William Shakespeare s Romeo and Juliet speaks to the timeless appeal of star-crossed lovers. Their loveRead MoreWilliam Shakespeare s Romeo And Juliet924 Words   |  4 PagesWilliam Shakespeare’s Romeo and Juliet is a tragedy that follows the so-called love of two teenagers. The two fall in love at a masked ball and have a secret marriage. Throughout the play, their actions show how ridiculous love is, and how it is a danger to anyone who become twisted in its choking grasp. However, in the death of the youth and survival of the elders, an alternative explanation for the tragic events may be found. Although Shakespeare seems to be mocking love throughout the play, itRead MoreWilliam Shakespeare s Romeo And Juliet1279 Words   |  6 Pagesour lives. The great, classic writers teach timeless, valuable life skills. Shakespeare was the greatest writer of all time. His writings mainly consisted of dramas and sonnets. Romeo and Juliet, as well as, A MIdsummer Night’s Dream were written about the same time period. He was able to inter relate everything that wrote. For example, the tale of Pyramus and Thisbe could possibly be an advertisement for Romeo and Juliet. The basic structure of the two dramas is the same; two forbidden lovers meet

Good Versus Evil, Justice Versus Tyranny - 1909 Words

Good versus evil, justice versus injustice, liberty versus tyranny-- in battles such as these, determining who is who is not always easy. In the United States, social, economic, and political differences between the North and the South became increasingly apparent in the early 1800s. Slavery was an invidious discussion at the time, as both sides of the argument fully believed that they were right. The North believed it to be wrong and immoral, while the South believed the opposite. This, along with other highly disputatious issues, led the Union to disunion, and its eventual Civil War. Even though slavery was a sensitive and an anger inducing argument for both Northerners and Southerners already, many events over the course of the 1800s made it more so. In 1856, Senator Charles Sumner, a Massachusetts anti-slavery Republican, gave a speech to the Senate regarding whether Kansas should be admitted to the Union as one that allows slavery, or one that bans and illegalizes it entirely. Sumner took an anti-slavery stance, and ridiculed Stephen Douglas and Andrew Butler, both of whom were senators of Southern states and had pro-slavery views. Representative Preston Brooks was Butler s South Carolina kinsman, so Brooks, who also was a pro-slavery Southerner, had taken Sumner’s virulent speech personally. Brooks traveled to meet with Sumner to address his viewpoint on the speech. Preston, standing before Sumner’s desk, spoke to Sumner, but before Sumner could conjure a response,Show MoreRelatedThe New Jim Crow : Mass Incarceration Essay934 Words   |  4 Pa gesother measures. Although African Americans want to believe that the Clintons have their back, should the same results be expected? Although, Bernie Sanders also voted for the 1994 crime bill, Alexander argues that â€Å"there is such a thing as a lesser evil, and Hilary is not it (Alexander, 32).† With the selective information I have exposed myself to about the 2016 Election, I agree with the point that Michelle Alexander is trying to make. I have heard from numerous African Americans from my own communityRead MoreGun Rights a Necessity1392 Words   |  6 Pagesnecessity for protection and a natural right. It is written in the constitution under the second amendment that it is, â€Å"the right of the people to keep and bear arms.† The other side, the side fighting gun rights thinks that guns are an unnecessary evil; they cause death when it’s not necessary, and in the wrong hands it could be very dangerous. We have seen this in numerous school shooting and public shootings over the years. Gun rights are not just a hot topic between citizens, the government isRead MoreThe Comparison of Themes Between Lord of the Flies and Animal Farm 2291 Words   |  10 Pagestries to play the life game with the varied human nature of his characters (Wilson 54). Jack and his group have different and crueler ways of â€Å"playing† compared to Ralph because he is much more of a laid back character that carry the evil undertones of a possible evil evident. All of the events that the boys consider as games such as hunting, killing, chanting, and dancing are key elements to take down their establishment of the new society on the island. Symbolically speaking, all the games haveRead MoreSwords to Ploughshares : The Social Causes of Violence2136 Words   |  9 Pagesâ€Å"The effort necessary to remain uncorrupted in an environment where fear is an integral part of everyday existence is not immediately apparent to those fortunate enough to live in states governed by the rule of law† (Violence 314). When the norm is an evil, corrupt government why would one chose to go against the system? It is much easier to corrupt oneself and live then to die a clean death and in this way these â€Å"ungoverned states†. Jennifer Turpin and Lester R. Ku rtz look at how societies use â€Å"justifiedRead MoreEssay about Nathaniel Hawthorne’s Young Goodman Brown3241 Words   |  13 PagesNathaniel Hawthorne’s Young Goodman Brown   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Nathaniel Hawthorne’s â€Å"Young Goodman Brown† captivates the reader through a glimpse of the Puritan church. The story also shows the struggle of good versus evil in the main character Goodman Brown. The role of the Puritan church is crucial in shaping Goodman Brown’s personality and helping the reader understand why he was reluctant to continue his journey.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã¢â‚¬Å"Puritanism, movement arising within the Church of England in the latter part ofRead MorePlato and Aristotle on Democracy Essay examples2188 Words   |  9 Pageswho are not utterly degraded in not that bad a form of government and actually seems to praise it â€Å"that if the people are not utterly degraded, although individually they may be worse judges than those who have special knowledge as a body they are as good as better†. In Aristotle’s eyes the worst type of democracy is a Demagoguery, in which everyone’s voice is equal and the rule of the majority has a greater authority then the law. In this type of lawlessness where the masses gain more power than theRead MoreThe American Civil War : The Bloodiest And Most Gruesome War4070 Words   |  17 Pagesorder to prevent another American civil war this mean the economic system, whether the money is worked through slaves or everyone equally, must be compromised and the same throughout the nation. There is a saying that says: money is the root of all evil. So far, law enforcement everywhere agrees with that statement. It seems like there is nothing under that sun human beings won’t do for me, including killing and enslaving their fellow humans. Through research today and information uncovered fromRead MoreBargaining With The Devil7657 Words   |  31 Pages. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Pages 2 - 5 When trying to resolve a conflict, there are generally three challenges which affect your ability to make a good decision on whether to negotiate or not: 1 2 You have to analyze the cost and benefits of negotiating versus all other viable alternatives 3 The three challenges You have to avoid all the emotional traps which can lead to a knee-jerk reaction You have to address all the moral and ethicalRead MoreTheodor Geisel2528 Words   |  11 Pagessurpassed absurdity and became something beautiful. Before that, though, Theodor Geisel was nationally noted for his political cartoons during World War II that enticed the mind to do more than think, but to ask questions and crave knowledge and justice. Dr. Seuss was not just a whimsical alter-ego of Mr. Geisel by any means, however. Dr. Seuss allowed Geisel to communicate his message to a new audience, in a unique way. Before his death, he left the world with a simple plea- â€Å"We need to do better†Read MoreGlobalization: A Powerful Weapon of the United States3140 Words   |  13 Pagesas part of a group of heroic martyrs of a new Middle Eastern revolution.1 These young men and women, whose pictures and names became national icons, were from all over the Arab world. They were all after the same thing; an end to the suppressive evil that they have witnessed throughout most of th eir lives and to many their entire lives. A few weeks later, inspired and encouraged by the events in Tunisia and the successful ousting of the Tunisian president Zine El Abidine Ben Ali, a similar

Protection of Online Media

Question: Write an essay on Protection of online media is an important aspect of online entertainment management, especially the use of DRM (Digital Rights Management). Answer: Means of communication have always been integral part of human life, and it would be difficult to imagine world without any communication channel. Starting with the verbal transmission, transcending through written, the new age media depends on the digital transmission for distribution of data and information worldwide. Digitization has simplified the task of creation and dissemination of media to a great extent. However, at the same time, it has also created problems of piracy, copying and unauthorized access to material jeopardizing the livelihood of millions of artists worldwide. Popularized by Gutenbergs press, copying in the digital age is a matter of seconds and has proven to be a great nuisance to content owners and creators wishing to keep their content exclusive. To tackle such issues of content and creators rights protection, WIPO provides guidelines through the framing of Technological Protection Measures (TPMs) and Rights Management Information (RMIs). These measures aim to stop the infringement of copyrights and give content owners complete control over their content. Apart from saving the livelihood of content owners directly, copyright protection measures also help e-businesses to maintain and increase their user base. The amount of trust in a website makes up the extent of customer loyalty towards it (Nissenbaum 2004). Introduction Different methods of communication have been used by humans since long time. They act as a medium of transferring, transacting and storing information. Whether it be songs, TV shows, radio transmissions, they all have helped society get informed and entertained for a long time. Earlier entertainment used to be in the form of bards, minstrels, plays, etc. forms which were limited in accessibility and reach. But, with the advent of technology, the method of delivering media to the mass audience has changed significantly. From its earlier stages of being a localized source of entertainment, media industry has long since grown into a full-fledged industry warranting professional analysis to determine what constitutes profits, what is and isnt legally viable, what is the latest technology available to cash out the maximum profit (ed. Alexander et al. 2003). Contemporary media education involves the study of issues involving freedom of speech, new communication technology and media contents effect on society, easy access to social media (ed. Alexander et al. 2003). As the worldwide access to the internet is increasing, more and more people are getting connected, processes are getting completed online, and use of social media as a tool of communication is constantly on the rise. The acceptability of these media products is the function of different media organizations acceptance and commercialization of them leading to their adoption and diffusion in the society (Albarran et al. 2006). An ever increasing number of media firms are trying to increase their global reach and trying to figure out how to utilize the full potential of new digital media environment (Doyle 2002; Herman McChesney 1997). In such a scenario, it becomes vital for both organizations and individuals to have access to controlled and secure content. For organizations, it is the protection for their revenue source while for individual users, access to electronically safe content means their privacy and independence is intact so that they can pursue their choices in a threat-free environment. Individual artists also require this security to ensure that the means of livelihood is accessible to him. One such example is a recent case in India where a movie was leaked online days before its release leaving the Bollywood in furore and the movies stakeholders got concerned about their prospective earnings. A typical computer being an assortment of hardware and software such as the motherboard, sound card, graphic card, etc., these things are in constant communication with each other, both internally and externally (Sims 2003). This to and fro of messages within and outside expose the whole system as well as the content stored therein to unrestricted access, necessitating the existence of systems to protect the data. Data Encryption plays an important role here. these systems allow the content creator and owner to distribute his content in a controlled manner to only authorized users and protect it from unauthorized ones. The problem mushrooms up in earnest once one security key assigned to an individual is made public so that now the program can be accessed by anyone eroding the chances of the content owner from profiting from a unique piece of work. Use of media devices such as portable digital music players, video recorders, etc. makes the distribution of such digital media content much easier, thus generating concerns about their protection. Their inherent complexity along with the daily introduced changes and upgrades in popular digital media such as video games make it quite difficult to protect them. This is where the concept of copyright comes into picture. According to WIPO (World Intellectual Property Organization), a copyright gives a creator legal rights over their literary and artistic creation (WIPO n.d.). Books, movies, paintings, sculptures, computer programs, databases, technical drawings, maps, etc. all are protected by copyrights only. The process of copying, mechanized by Gutenbergs press brought in the concept of copyright since making copies now was not an arduous task requiring days worth of labor. Digitization took this ease of copying a step forward and made it instantaneous and viral thus rendering the existing copyrighting laws obsolete. Copyright infringement laws are commonplace nowadays and are seen in newspapers on a daily basis. Not only copying, digitization has also helped in a lot many other ways to make digital content be mass accessible. The age old, time consuming, laborious tasks of writing, recording, maintaining, proofing, copy editing, etc. have now been compacted into a simpler version where content needs be just created and can directly be released online (The Future 2011). Discussion Without safe access to online media and entertainment, media industry would definitely collapse. Not only the content creators will shun it due to the reduced earnings and unappreciated efforts, but also the users who in the wake of no privacy and numerous threats, would much rather prefer no access rather than maligned access. This report discusses the concept of threat of copyright infringements in the context of media and entertainment industry and concurs that online media protection and DRMs are an important part of online media management. As the universal access to the online content increases, the possibility of its misuse increases proportionally. Increasing banking transactions being done online, saving of passwords and keys in web based software, storing confidential information online, all generate high risks of an electronic attack. Though digital copying of authentic traditional works of art such as sculptures and fine arts remain a challenge, not many of the other online available media like music, videos, games, etc. are safe from digital reproduction and transmission. The hackers have always been able to come up with new and innovative ways to extract information not meant for their eyes or to siphon off money not earned by them. For e.g., Canadian hacker Michael Calces hacking of various media sites such as CNN, Yahoo, Amazon and eBay in 2000 is said to have cost these companies several millions of dollars worth of capital just because a 15 years old was able to break into their cyberspace (Staff 2014). Uni versal access to media content depends on how conveniently the information service providers can recover their investments while staying within the confines of contemporary laws. And now, beyond the neo-traditional methods of mass communication, social media has become the new center stage for all things media and marketing (Kaplan Haenlein 2010; Montalvo 2011). To protect online content from threats of unauthorized access, even patented software, techniques and methodologies exist. For e.g., J Robert Sims, III of Hewlett-Packard Development Company, L.P., in 1998 developed a method of protecting the transfer of content over unsecured channels. Storage and transmission of bulk media over the internet is facilitated using cryptographic keys, both public and private. For his invention, Sims was granted a patent in 1999 by US PTO (Sims 2003). WIPO is the international body responsible for maintaining and enforcing intellectual property rights, policy, information and services related to IP. Established in 1967, WIPO has been source of observation of IP practices worldwide by its signatory nations. Though not all countries subscribe to it, those who do are expected to maintain the highest standards of IPR. According to Riaan J. Rudman (2014), Web 2.0 has been one of the major changes that have occurred in this decades old behemoth we call internet or world wide web. Web 2.0 has been one of the reasons for promoting sharing and collaboration. Though making lives easier, this also increases the cybersecurity threat to the next level. According to him, the higher the trust shown by a user towards a website, the higher would be his loyalty towards that site. In the ever transient business of internet, having customer loyalty is one of the few things that stops companies especially e-businesses, from going to the brink of bankruptcy and ultimate oblivion of shutdown. We 2.0s existence is enriched by the number of users engaged with it at any given moment. The higher the number of users, the larger the content generated by them and better the user experience with Web 2.0. As Karlgaard (2005) said, Social media platforms such as Facebook and YouTube thrive on the number of active users they have. The more, the merrier. However, this merriment can easily be turned to misery by inappropriate use of these platforms. The leak of private photographs, videos not meant for the public eye creates a lot of nuisance for celebrities and VIPs each year worldwide. While such releases are a matter of great public attention, they inconvenience the victim a lot. Hence, cybersecurity has been a prime concern to the masters and controllers of the internet from the start. Digital rights management (DRM) programs aim to restrict the access to digital content protected by copyright as well as the hardware used to enforce these policies. The usual arguments given in favour and against any Intellectual Property right (IPR) law are applicable in the case of DRMs also. Stifling of innovation, curtailing of rights, the creation of monopolies are all alleged cons of DRM while continued revenue generation and control over work are some of the arguments in favor of DRM (Sensarkar 2007 Calvert 2013). Digital Rights Management, though used in professional jargon, are not mentioned in the formal literature of WIPO Copyright Treaty and WIPO Performances and Phonograms Treaty (WPPT). These are the software meant to stop digital files from being copied without authorization. The formal treaties give DRM the names of Technological Protection Measures (TPMs) and Rights Management Information (RMIs) to address the concept of cybersecurity of copyrighted work (Ficsor 2010). TPMs are the technical measures such as encryption keys, etc. used by authors and other rights holders to restrict the piracy, copying, and transmission of their valuable work (IFPI 2003a). The basis for new licensing systems, RMIs the integrity and authenticity of the work, performance and phonogram in question. They act as powerful tools against copyright infringement (IFPI 2003b). However, even DRMs are not fool proof and oft times are susceptible to the hacking techniques of internet pirates, legitimate researchers and those believing in universal access to everything. Often common public is indifferent to the restrictions to access content which does not directly interfere with their functioning. However, the inconvenience caused is highly protested whenever these restrictions interfere with normal life of the same people. For e.g., in a study by Marc Fetscherin (2006), it was found that in the case of music and its piracy, a restriction to the playability of the content will be a source of disagreement amongst the users while a restriction to burn or copy such content would not be that big a deal. Conclusion At times, the most basic and the best sort of protection an artistic work of digital origin can have is self-policing. The honor based system through which media and many other such industries have thrived till now plays an equally important role here also. Though encrypted, a file once given access to a person cannot be expected not to be accessible to his friends and relatives also. After all, helping out each other is one of the cornerstones of our society. In such cases, the ethical standards followed by a person need to be above the friendship for him to consider digital media protection. Though the presence or absence of DRMs might be a thing of no concern to users at times, for authors and media content creators, the presence of such measures ensures that their rights are maintained and are available to them. Most of the human history has been passed down through the works of art of such artists, writers, and creators only. Had there been 50 Mona Lisas in the world, no one would have appreciated the marvel of Da Vincis work. Had there been exact replicas of Sistine Chapels roof, the works of Michelangelo would not be world famous today. Shakespeare would have died unknown and unappreciated had due credit not been given to him for his work. All these examples show that as important as free access to fine works of art is, it is equally important that these works are duly recognized and their copyrights are maintained. References Albarran, AB, Chan-Olmsted, SM Wirth, MO (eds.) 2006, Handbook of media management and economics, Routledge. Alexander, A, Owers, JE, Carveth, R, Hollifield, CA Greco, AN (eds.) 2003, Media economics: Theory and practice, Routledge. Calvert, P 2013, Digital Rights Management and Content Development, Online Information Review. Doyle, G 2002, Media ownership: The economics and politics of convergence and concentration in the UK and European media, Sage. Herman, ES McChesney, RW 1997, Global Media: The Missionaries of Global Capitalism, Cassel, London. Fetscherin, M 2006, Digital rights management: What the consumer wants, Journal of Digital Asset Management, vol. 2, no. 3-4, pp.143-149. Ficsor, M 2010, Digital Rights Management (DRM) and its co-existence with copyright exceptions, presentation during Sub-regional Seminar on the Protection of Computer Software and Databases IFPI 2003a, The WIPO Treaties: Technological Measures, viewed on 24 Jun. 2016, https://www.ifpi.org/content/library/wipo-treaties-technical-measures.pdf IFPI 2003b, The WIPO Treaties: Protection of Rights Management Information, viewed on 24 Jun. 2016, https://www.ifpi.org/content/library/wipo-treaties-rights-management-information.pdf Kaplan, AM Haenlein, M 2010, Users of the world, unite! The challenges and opportunities of Social Media, Business horizons, vol. 53, no. 1, pp.59-68. Karlgaard, R 2005, Ten laws of the modern world, Forbes, vol. 175, no. 10, pp. 33. Montalvo, RE 2011, Social media management, International Journal of Management Information Systems, vol. 15, no. 3, pp.91-96. Nissenbaum, H 2004, Will security enhance trust online, or supplant it?, in R Kramer K Cook (ed.), Trust and Distrust Within Organizations: Emerging Perspectives, Enduring Questions, Russell Sage Publication, pp.155-188. Rudman, RJ 2014, The Influence of Knowing Web 2.0 Risks and Controls on Web 2.0 Usage and Security Practices of Online Users, Journal of Applied Business Research, vol. 30, no. 1, pp. 105. Sensarkar, N 2007, The potential impact of digital rights management on the Indian entertainment industry, Journal of International Trade Law and Policy, vol. 6, no. 1, pp.45-55. Sims, JR 2003, Media content protection utilizing public key cryptography, US 6550011 B1. Staff 2014, Biggest hacking scandals of all time, Global News, 17 April, viewed 24 June